Biological species and lake range
Caridina holthuisi — Malili / Matano, Mahalona and Towuti
Original pictured ecological and lineage evidence
Habitat / trophic ecogroup
Leaf litter
Identification and species history
2010 study characterizes leaf-litter specialization in the lake system.
Conservation and field evidence
Wider occurrence over the three lakes is not evidence of worldwide abundance.
Captive-breeder authentication
No breeder-cross F1/F2 counts published in core habitat source.
Published captive brood counts
No scored captive F1/F2 color segregation or exact parent IDs in these sources
Inherited commercial color traits
Wild-species phylogeny and habitat grouping only, no commercial color gene allele
Ethical conservation and species verification
Keep documented captive-bred stock with provenance and stable species-appropriate conditions; never release aquarium stock to natural waterways or interpret this record as authorization to collect, relocate, or purchase rare wild animals.
Original source ledger
- von Rintelen et al. 2010 ancient Malili adaptive radiation
Peer-reviewed mitochondrial phylogeny and substrate counts for 15 endemic taxa; 2010 lake-wide sample; two colonization events, one producing 14 taxa, without a validated chromosome-level or hobby mating tree
- von Rintelen & Cai 2009 systematic revision, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
Original taxonomic revision of the ancient-lake Caridina and eight described species; This paper documents field taxa and anatomy; not commercial genetic pedigrees