Source evidence class
Peer-reviewed taxonomy and mtDNA delimitation
Detailed claim and data boundaries
2007 mtDNA study observed red and blue forms historically called C. ensifera, later clarified by 2009/2021 formal taxonomy as C. ensifera and C. caerulea. A field-species difference is not an F2 commercial red-versus-blue color allele.
Interpretation rule
Do not promote habitat sample sizes, species survey detections or older projected IUCN declines into controlled captive breeding outcomes. Use the primary source and its publication/assessment date.
Original sources
- von Rintelen et al. 2007 Lake Poso colour and cryptic diversity
Voucher-based mtDNA study distinguishing formerly lumped ensifera colour forms; Do not treat ornamental blue/red grades as single-species color inheritance
- Klotz, Wowor & von Rintelen 2021 Lake Poso five new species original study
Original diagnoses of five species, ecological substrate observations and comparative morphology; 2021 taxonomy, not claims that these wild species were created by aquarium breeders
- von Rintelen & Cai 2009 systematic revision, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
Original taxonomic revision of the ancient-lake Caridina and eight described species; This paper documents field taxa and anatomy; not commercial genetic pedigrees