Solid = source-described measurement or study design. Evidence flow; not a color-strain genotype tree.
Parents or study design
20 berried wild females with 5–30 embryos/hatchlings per brood; four variable microsatellite loci, GERUD and COLONY inference
Recorded results
Multiple sires in each of 20 sampled broods; GERUD identified 58 putative fathers over broods, COLONY inferred 105 sire contributions over broods
Numerical counts and denominator
20 broods; 5–30 offspring per brood; mean 15.65 offspring; all 20 had multiple fathers
Claims requiring caution
None
Important limitations
Wild Sulawesi Caridina ensifera, not Taiwan Bee; each inferred sire count is a model output, not independently observed fathers. It establishes parentage complexity, not designer strain color dominance.