2014 molecular project
Shen and colleagues sequenced transcriptome material from brain and gonad tissues, sought differentially expressed transcripts between sexes, developed SSR markers and reported an early genetic linkage map.
Links to breeding research
The work built technical foundations for studying broodstock sex, parentage, gene inheritance and genome organization; statements about practical routine farm tests require independent validation.
What remains unresolved
The publication is not evidence that a named commercial farm sells a specific patented or isolated 'Red × Gold' strain, or that color dominance has been mapped to a single confirmed gene.
Timeline
The 2003 marker work, 2004 stock diversity measurements, 2014 mapping and 2016 genome assembly represent distinct methods and projects, not one all-purpose genetic authentication test.