Experimental methods
Researchers screened pooled DNA of multiple Asian arowana forms and sexes using AFLP and RAPD approaches, converting selected signals into sequence-tagged-site DNA markers.
Strain identification
A reported strain-associated STS marker distinguished tested Indonesian Golden from Green and Blood Red fish before full color development. This was specific to tested study samples, not every worldwide farm line.
Sex marker limitation
The study reported 82.7% sex-association performance for the tested Green strain. This is not proof of universal sex determination accuracy across all color forms.
Gene and trait interpretation
A marker may be linked to a phenotype or ancestry without being its causal variant. No reliable Red × Golden dominance ratio or deterministic inheritance formula is established by this paper.